Alzheimers: Care and Prevention Studies

The first few times you walk into a room only to stand there wondering what you are doing, it's funny. But those "senior moments," whether you're 40, 50, or 60, are not something to take lightly.

Researchers are starting to develop the tools to detect and diagnose dementia and Alzheimer's earlier. While there is still no cure, developing screening methodologies and identifying patients with symptoms earlier may lead to breakthroughs in treatment and prevention for these memory disorders.

The Alzheimers Association lists warning signs for Alzheimer's, including:

  • Loss of memory for recently learned information
  • Difficulty with familiar tasks
  • Forgetting simple words
  • Disorientation
  • Poor financial judgment
  • Problems with abstract thinking
  • Putting things in odd places
  • Mood swings and personality changes
  • Passivity

According to the Harvard Mental Health Letter, a diagnosis of dementia is determined by changes in memory, mood, and behavior. Doctors use the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale that asks detailed questions regarding everyday behavior and thinking, including memory, orientation, problem solving, judgment, personal hygiene and habits, community activities and hobbies, and rates dementia on a five-point scale from none to severe.

Several simple screening tools use memory tests to evaluate patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, which is now regarded as the earliest phase of Alzheimer's disease. One, developed by the National Institute on Aging, is called the "Ten Word List." Patients are read a list of words and then asked to recall it after being distracted. This test is a strong indicator of future Alzheimers.

Once identified, advanced evaluation using MRI and PET scans which show brain activity can predict the course of the illness and are helpful to researchers as they look for effective treatments.Important tools still in development are an accurate test of bodily fluids for biological markers such as beta-amyloid, the source of plaque in Alzheimers, and identification of and testing for genetic variants that could predict future Alzheimers.Early detection is also important for patients, allowing them to make decisions regarding long term care, medical directives, health care, legal proxies, and finances. Early screening can also determine other causes of dementia that may not be related to Alzheimer's and that may be due to treatable medical conditions.We are an aging population and we are identifying dementia sooner, giving us a huge group of potential research subjects. Studying the effects of Alzheimer's and it's progression from healthy brain to earliest cognitive impairment to advanced dementia, can contribute to our overall understanding of the disease, and to its eventual prevention and cure.?
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