Best Georgia Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists

Wrist Fracture
A wrist fracture is a break in one or more of the bones in the wrist. The wrist is made up of the two bones in the forearm (radius and ulna) and eight carpal bones. This fact sheet will focus on fractures of the carpal bones of the wrist. Wrist fractures of the radius, often called Colles' Fracture, can be found on a separate sheet.

Rib Fracture
A rib fracture is a break in a rib bone. Bruised muscles and ligaments often happen with a rib fracture. More seriously, the lungs and other organs can be injured. More than one rib fracture after a Trauma can indicate serious internal injury.

Neck Fracture
A neck fracture is a break in one or more of the cervical bones (vertebrae in the neck). The vertebrae are the bones that make up the spine.

A neck fracture is very serious and can lead to paralysis or possibly death. A person with a neck injury should not be moved without competent medical care, which is needed immediately.

Oral-Facial Clefts
An oral-facial cleft is a birth defect. A cleft lip is an opening in the upper lip, usually just below the nose. A cleft palate is an opening in the roof of the mouth (hard palate) or in the soft tissue at the back of the mouth (soft palate). In the majority of cases, a cleft lip and cleft palate occur together.

Burns
A burn is damage to the skin and sometimes to the underlying tissues. Burns are categorized according to the depth and extent of the damage to the skin: Superficial burn (also called first-degree burn) Mildest type of burnOften caused by ultraviolet light, or very short (“flash") flame exposureAffects only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis)Normally does not cause scarringTakes about 3-6 days to heal Superficial partial-thickness burn (also called second-degree burn) Often caused by a scald (spill or splash) or short (“flash”) flame exposureAffects the outer layer of the skin more deeply, usually causing blisteringMay or may not cause scarring, but often does cause long-term skin color changesTakes about 1-3 weeks to heal Deep partial-thickness burn (also called second-degree burn) Often caused by a scald (spill), may involve flame, oil, or greaseAffects the outer and underlying layer of skin (dermis), causing blisteringUsually causes scarringUsually takes more than three weeks to heal Full-thickness burn (also called third-degree burn) Very seriousOften caused by scald (immersion), may involve flame, steam, oil, grease, chemicals, or high-voltage electricityDamages all layers of the skin, and may involve the tissues underneath (muscle and bone)Causes scarringWill heal only at the wound edges by scarring, unless skin grafting is done

Wilms' Tumor
Wilms' tumor is a type of Kidney Cancer that predominantly affects children. It usually occurs in the first five years of life, especially around ages three and four. In most cases, Wilms' tumor affects only one of the two kidneys. The frequency of this tumor is 1 in 200,000-250,000 children.

Brain Tumors
A brain tumor occurs when cells grow uncontrollably in the brain. A tumor is an abnormal growth of cells. Normally, cells divide in a regulated manner. If cells keep dividing when new cells are not needed, a mass of tissue forms; this is called a tumor. There are two types of tumors: benign and malignant. Benign tumors stay in one place, grow to a certain size, and then (as a general rule) stop. Malignant tumors do not stop growing, and pieces of them travel to other parts of the body, where they also continue to grow. Malignant tumors, called cancers, are nearly all fatal if not treated. Currently, with treatment, about half of all cancers are being cured.

Shock
Shock occurs when inadequate blood flow threatens the function of multiple organs. Shock is a potentially life-threatening condition. The sooner it is treated, the better the outcome. If you suspect someone is in shock, dial 911 immediately.

Skull and Facial Fracture
Skull and facial fractures are broken bones of the head and face.

There are two major types of skull fractures:

Open skull fracture-part of the scalp is torn Closed skull fracture-the scalp is intact Facial fractures can occur in any of the face's bones. This includes:

Presacral Tumor
The presacral space is the area between the rectum and lowest part of your spine (sacrum). A tumor is a growth in this area. It is rare but can be malignant (cancer).