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There are more housing options than ever for people who cannot or who prefer not to maintain an independent household because they need some kind of long-term assistance or medical care. The most common forms of residential care available are assisted living facilities, continuing care retirement or life care communities (CCRCs), and nursing homes.
Assisted Living
This is home-like housing that bridges the gap between independent living and skilled nursing care. It is ideal for people who need some daily assistance but not constant nursing care. These facilities, which can range from a handful of rooms in a home to a large institution--combine individual apartments with a range of personal care services like meals, bathing, housekeeping, transportation, laundry, and medication monitoring. Some specialize in Alzheimer's, dementia, or other special care with 24-hour oversight. Median daily rates range from $33 to $55, paid mostly out-of-pocket by the resident, though some states allow Medicaid supplement for those who qualify. Some long-term care insurance policies cover costs. Facilities are licensed by states under a variety of categories and agencies, most often by the department of health or social services, which maintain records of violations.
Board and Care Homes
This is a type of assisted living also known as residential care facilities. Be aware that many homes refuse people in wheelchairs or who are incontinent; some also will discharge residents who become disabled either mentally or physically. Most states have facilities that are not licensed; those licensed are called rest homes, personal care homes, retirement homes, or adult congregate living facilities. These are inspected by the state licensing division or department of health or social services.
Special Care Units
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias have a profound effect on health care providers, especially care facilities. People with these illnesses need more supervision and have greater lengths of stay and a higher incidence of accompanying behavior disorders such as wandering and aggression. Special care units are physically separate units in a facility that meets these needs in a supportive and structured environment.
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