Vitamin B12 Deficiency Causes

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Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency


There are many causes of vitamin B12 deficiency. Some are listed below.

  • Removal of part of the small intestine or stomach
  • Advancing age
  • Long-term use of certain acid-reducing stomach medications:
    • H2 blockers
    • Proton pump inhibitors
  • Atrophic Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) due to:
  • Disorders affecting vitamin absorption:
  • Inadequate intake of vitamin B12
    • Long-term veganism (nonconsumption of animal products) or vegetarianism
    • Breastfed infants of vegan or vegetarian mothers
    • Poor infant nutrition
    • Inadequate nutrition for a pregnant woman
    • Chronic alcohol abuse
  • Stillness of the intestinal contents which can be caused by:
    • Abnormal narrowness of intestines
    • Pockets in intestines
    • Connections between loops of the intestine
    • Blind intestinal loops
  • Intestinal blockage which can be caused by:
  • Inflammation of the intestine due to radiation treatment
  • Inability to use vitamin B12:
    • Lack of a needed enzyme
    • Cancer
    • Malnutrition
    • Nonfunctioning transport protein
  • Increased need of vitamin B12:
  • Over-use of nitrous oxide:
    • Frequent use
    • Extended single use of nitrous oxide (more than six hours)
  • Metabolic disorders:


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