Delirium Tremens (DTs)

Definition

Delirium tremens (DTs) is a severe disturbance of the brain caused by alcohol withdrawal. This condition is serious and can cause death. About 5% of alcohol-dependent people experience DTs.

Causes

DTs occur when a person who repeatedly drinks large amounts of alcohol suddenly stops or decreases the amount of alcohol consumed.

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for DTs include:

• History of DTs
• Other medical problems in addition to alcohol abuse
• Brain damage

Symptoms

Symptoms usually begin 2 to 4 days after suddenly stopping or decreasing alcohol intake. Symptoms may include:

• Anxiety
• Confusion
• Delirium (alternating levels of consciousness)
• Trouble sleeping
• Bad dreams
• Severe agitation
• Fever
• Hallucinations (the perception of a thing, voice, or person that is not present)
• Delusions (a false belief that is strongly held)
• Tremors of the hands, head, or body
• Severe sweating
• Rapid heartbeat
• Nausea
• Increased rate of breathing
• Increased blood pressure
• Increased body temperature
• Seizures

In severe cases, DTs can result in death, especially if untreated.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. The diagnosis of DTs is usually based on the symptoms and signs of the disorder. Tests may include:

• Blood tests to measure liver function or electrolytes
• CT scan of the brain—a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of the inside of the brain

Treatment

Treatment can be difficult. DTs are likely to last for 5 to 7 days regardless of the therapy used. Clearing of DTs may begin in 12 to 24 hours, but may take up to 2 to10 days. Treatment for alcohol abuse is necessary once DTs are under control.

Treatment may include:

Prevention

To prevent having DTs, do not abuse alcohol. If you do drink large amounts on a regular basis, do not suddenly decrease the amount or stop drinking on your own. Rather, get advice from your doctor on the safest way to lower your intake.