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Definition
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a test that uses contrast dye and x-rays to evaluate problems in the urinary tract.
The Male Urinary System
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Parts of the Body Involved
The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The intravenous line will be placed in your arm.
Reasons for Procedure
An IVP is done to identify:
- Tumors
- Kidney stones
- Damage to the urinary tract from injury or infection
- Other problems causing kidney malfunction or obstruction (tumor, stone, enlarged prostate )
- Blood in urine
Risk Factors for Complications During the Procedure
- Allergy to contrast dye (ie, iodine)
- Multiple myeloma
- Sickle cell disease
- Pheochromocytoma
- Severely impaired kidney function, which may occur with:
- Dehydration
- Pregnancy
- Chronic intrinsic kidney disease
- Medications
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
Preparation for an IVP varies depending on whether it is done as an emergency procedure or on an outpatient basis.
EmergencyBlood is taken for kidney function tests. An intravenous (IV) line inserted. The IV line will provide medication to alleviate pain, nausea, or vomiting. Fluids and the IVP dye are also administered through this IV line. You will lie down and rest before the IVP is done.
Outpatientin the days leading up to the procedure: Blood is taken for kidney function tests. The day before, you may be asked to use laxatives and possibly enemas to clean out the colon. This is because stool in the colon may interfere with interpretation of the IVP. You will fast for 8 to12 hours before the test. During ProcedureAn IV line providing contrast dye and any other necessary medications is given. AnesthesiaThere is no anesthesia associated with IVP. Description of the ProcedureContrast dye is injected into the IV line.For the next 30 to 60 minutes, you lie on a table while x-rays are taken at regular intervals. You will be asked to hold your breath each time an x-ray is taken.The dye highlights your urinary system on the x-ray, so your doctor can see these body parts at work and detect problems. Before the last x-ray, you will empty your bladder in a bathroom. How Long Will It Take?The procedure typically lasts 60 to 90 minutes. Will It Hurt?The procedure is not painful, but you will feel a sensation of warmth or heat as the contrast dye travels through your body. Possible ComplicationsAllergic reaction (rare) manifested as itching or a rash; difficulty breathing or death in severe casesKidney failure (often preventable by evaluating kidney function before the test) Average Hospital StayAn IVP is normally an outpatient procedure. However, depending on the reason for the test and the condition of your kidneys, your doctor may recommend a stay in the hospital.
Postoperative CareMost people can resume normal activities and diet after the IVP is completed. Your doctor will tell you if there are any restrictions you should follow. OutcomeThe results of your IVP test should be available within a few days. Your doctor will discuss the results with you, as well as any necessary treatment. Call Your Doctor If Any of the Following OccursThere are no adverse postoperative symptoms associated with IVP. RESOURCES: American Urological Associationhttp://urologyhealth.org National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghousehttp://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/index.htm CANADIAN RESOURCES: BC Health Guidehttp://www.bchealthguide.org/ The Kidney Foundation of Canadahttp://www.kidney.ab.ca References: Guide to diagnostic tests. Harvard Health Publications website. Available at: http://www.health.harvard.edu/diagnostic-tests/ . Last reviewed November 2007 by A. Carmack, MDPlease be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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