What to Do with a Hefty Windfall

Karen Altfest, executive vice president of L.J. Altfest & Co., a financial planning firm in New York, says to concentrate on three strategies.

"What you're going to do is think of it as pockets," she says. "You've got three pockets, divide the money in thirds. Take the first pocket and use it to pay down anything that you think should be paid down: your child's education, your debt, your mortgage. Get rid of something and make your life a little easier.

"Then, save for something in your future -- your next car, your vacation, your old age. Third is that you're a good person. Do something nice for yourself now. A vacation or something special you've always wanted," Altfest says.

Dave Jones, president of the Association of Independent Consumer Credit Counseling Agencies in Fairfax, Va., recommends socking away at least $10,000 into a savings account if you have debts but no savings. Then spend the rest to eliminate or pay down your debts, concentrating on your highest interest rate obligations first.

If you have savings and no debt, you could consider low-risk investments, such as a money market fund or other "balanced low-risk fund," Jones says.

Almost as important is what to avoid: "impulsive spending on inane perishables," he says.

Sandy Shore, counseling supervisor of Novadebt, a nonprofit, credit counseling agency in Freehold, N.J., says start or supplement your emergency fund.

But how do you determine how much to save?

"You have to look at your individual situation," Shore says. "Is there another income? If one of you became unemployed, how much of a hole would that leave? How secure is your job? If you're one step away from being unemployed, I would say look at how long you think it would take you to get a job.

"Six months is a pretty good ballpark for most people," she says.

Add up your monthly bills and obligations (including taxes), and subtract any unemployment you'd receive. Then bank at least that amount. And if you already have some saved, use the windfall to take that savings to your goal amount.

Lynnette Khalfani-Cox, author of "Zero Debt: The Ultimate Guide to Financial Freedom," says the best solution is to tackle the problem in a series of steps.

"Get professional financial help. Find a qualified adviser to help you set a budget and do long-term financial planning," Khalfani-Cox says.

"And give yourself time. Resist the urge to do something -- anything -- immediately. Don't feel like you have to do anything at all with the money right away," she says.

If you decide to invest, plan beforehand. "Be strategic about making any big moves," Khalfani-Cox says. "Don't just give in and start buying stocks, bonds or mutual funds without a plan."

Create a plan to deal with money requests, she says. It takes away the guilt when you want or need to say "no."

"The idea is to create a buffer between you and all the friends and family who will ask for money," she says. "Consider using an intermediary -- either an individual or an institution -- to handle the requests."

Next >

Bankrate.com is the Web's leading aggregator of information on financial products including mortgages, credit cards, new and used automobile loans, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, checking and ATM fees, home equity loans and online banking fees. Visit Bankrate.com to get the tools and information that can help you make the best financial decisions.