The Mediterranean Diet Scores Again

The research on nutrition has been rife with contradictions, which may be one reason that Andrew Mente, Ph.D., and his colleagues at the Population Health Research Institute, conducted a systematic review of studies - dating back to 1950 - that dealt with the relationship between diet and cardiovascular disease. The results, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, suggest that a diet high in trans - fatty acids and foods with a high glycemic load - in other words, a typical western diet - may be harmful to your heart, while a diet rich in veggies, nuts, and monounsaturated fatty acids - a Mediterranean pattern of eating - may be associated with a lower risk for heart disease.

If all this sounds a bit familiar, it's because the Mediterranean diet has been making news in the U.S for over a dozen years. In 1995, Dr. Walter Willett of Harvard University's School of Public Health presented research that extolled the cardiovascular benefits of a diet typical to people in Greece and southern Italy (that is until the early 60s, when the US began exporting it's way of life--and way of eating--worldwide). Fifty years before Willet's presentation, Ancel Keys, an American doctor stationed in Salerno Italy, found that people in the Mediterranean had strikingly low rates of heart disease.

More recently, the Mediterranean diet has been in the news because researchers have associated it with a lower risk of Type II diabetes, Alzheimer's and dementia. But back to Mente's survey of the research.He and his colleagues looked at 146 prospective cohort studies - those that looked back on the dietary habits of a particular group of individuals-and 43 randomized controlled trials - where participants are randomly assigned to a specific diet or a control group.The association between the Mediterranean pattern of eating and lower risk of heart disease was backed by the strongest evidence, the researchers noted. It's been studied in randomized controlled trials (the gold-standard of medical research).In addition, modest relationships were found supporting a causal relationship between intake of several other foods and vitamins and heart disease risk, including fish, omega-3 fatty acids from marine sources, folate, whole grains, alcohol, fruits, and dietary vitamins E and C and beta carotene.The bottom line, eat your vegetables, enjoy nuts, use olive oil and stay away from the fast food menus. Here's some more advice you've heard before: exercise regularly, get enough sleep and if you smoke, quit.
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