According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 40 to 50 people die every year in the United States from severe allergic reactions to venomous wildlife and insects, including poisonous spiders. Venomous spiders found in the United States include the black widow, brown recluse and hobo spiders.
Black widow spiders can be found in the western and southern states of America. They have red markings beneath their abdomen and can usually be found in woodpiles, fences and under eaves. A black widow bite will produce two puncture marks on the skin. The venom produces pain at the bite site which spreads to the rest of the body.
The brown recluse spider is found in the Midwestern and southern states. It is brown with a dark violin-shaped mark on its head and can be found in dry, secluded areas such as in piles of rocks or leaves, or underneath structures. A brown recluse cannot bite without counter pressure, for example if it is trapped against your skin. Bites cause a small white blister to form and venom will begin to destroy the skin tissue.
The hobo spider is large and brown with yellow marks on its abdomen. This spider can be found in the Pacific Northwest in funnel webs that are spun in holes, cracks and recesses. They may be found in retaining walls, foundations, window wells or in stacks of bricks or firewood. Typically the hobo spider only attacks if provoked. The bite will produce a moderate to severe slow-healing wound.
Outdoor workers are often exposed to these venomous spiders, raising their chances of injury or death. Those at most risk include farmers, landscapers, foresters, gardeners, roofers, painters, construction workers, and laborers. While spiders are not typically aggressive, their bites can cause allergic reactions or death, so it is important for outdoor workers to be educated about the risk of exposure to poisonous spiders and how they can prevent and protect themselves.Outdoor workers can protect themselves from venomous spider bites by taking a number of precautions prior to beginning work. This includes inspecting or shaking out clothing or shoes, wearing protective clothing such long-sleeved shirt and pants, removing debris and rubble from outdoor work areas, trimming tall grass from around work areas, and storing apparel in sealed plastic bags. Additionally, those who work outdoors should keep their tetanus boosters current in case of a bite.If you or a colleague is bitten by a spider, you should try to identify the type of spider in order to achieve the most appropriate medical care. Wash the bite area with soap and water and apply a cool cloth or ice to the bite area to reduce swelling. If possible, elevate the bite area and notify your supervisor so you can seek immediate medical care. Never attempt to remove the venom on your own.Reference URL 1. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/spiders/ 2. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/outdoor/ 3. http://crisistimes.com/survival_spiders.php
